探讨妊娠期胃食管反流病（GERD）症状的发生率及严重程度。

选取2018年1月至2019年1月，新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院就诊的120例孕妇设定为研究组，进行了一项前瞻性纵向队列研究，通过GerdQ问卷调查妊娠期GERD的患病率。同期选取健康体检者40例非怀孕妇女作为对照组。2组每3个月均记录反流症状的频率和严重程度。

妊娠（早、中、晚期）和非孕妇GERD问卷调查结果表示，妊娠晚期的评分范围（3~7分、8~10分、11~14分及15~18分）均明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在孕妇中，5.0%的患者在怀孕前3个月（早期）至少每周有1次反流。在妊娠晚期，15.0%的孕妇每周至少有1次反流，2.50%的非孕妇每周发生1次以上的反流，各组间比较具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在孕妇中，5.0%的妊娠早期至少每周有1次烧心。妊娠中期为10.0%，晚期为17.5%，2.5%的非孕妇每周至少有1次烧心，在妊娠晚期，发生烧心的妇女占17.5%，各组间比较具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。从妊娠早期到妊娠中、晚期，个别症状（反流，烧灼感）的频率与非孕妇组比较均明显增加，在妊娠晚期症状出现的频率达到高峰，与非孕妇组以及妊娠早期比较，具有明显的统计学意义（P＜0.05）。根据症状诊断及发生情况，GERD在妊娠早期发病率为24.5%，在中期为37.5%，在妊娠晚期为52.5%，非孕妇（对照组）GERD患病率为7.5%。

妊娠晚期GERD症状发生率明显高于非孕妇，且在妊娠过程中发生率逐渐增高。

To investigate the incidence and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in pregnancy.

A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 160 pregnant women (mean age 28.15±8.25). GerdQ questionnaire used to investigate the prevalence of GERD during pregnancy. The non-pregnant women (average age 30.45±5.65) served as the control group. The frequency and severity of reflux symptoms were recorded every three months in both groups.

The GERD questionnaire survey results showed that the scoring range of late pregnancy (3~7 points, 8~10 points, 11-14 points and 15-18 points) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). Among pregnant women, 5.0% had reflux at least once a week in the first three months of pregnancy. In the third trimester of pregnancy, 15.0% of pregnant women had at least one reflux per week, and 2.50% of non-pregnant women had more than one reflux per week (P＜0.05). Among pregnant women, 5.0% had heartburn at least once a week in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester of pregnancy, 10.0%, 17.5% in the third trimester, and 2.5% of the non-pregnant women had heartburn at least once a week. In the third trimester, 17.5% of the women had heartburn (P＜0.05). From the early pregnancy to the middle and late pregnancy, the frequency of individual symptoms (reflux, burning sensation) increased significantly compared with the non-pregnant women group. The frequency of symptoms reached the peak in the late pregnancy. Compared with the non-pregnant women group and the early pregnancy(P＜0.05). According to the diagnosis, the incidence of GERD was 24.5% in early pregnancy, 37.5% in mid-pregnancy, 52.5% in late pregnancy and 7.5% in non-pregnant women.

The incidence of GERD symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly higher than that in non-pregnant women, and the incidence increases gradually during pregnancy.