To analyze the risk factors related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in hospitalized children with pediatric surgery. From January 2015 to January 2019, children from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Among them, 76 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease were screened by medical imaging and Gerd-Q rating scale, and 70 children with GERD were not found. Results There was no significant difference in the general factors such as age and gender between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease was better in children aged 3~7 years from the age distribution, but there was no statistics between the two groups. Learning differences, cough was significantly different in 3~7 children, reflux was the most obvious symptom in the GERD group, vomiting after meals was more pronounced in the group less than 3 years old, and reflux symptoms were obvious in the children with fever, but the two groups There was no significant difference in the increase of white blood cell count and reflux in children (P＜0.05). The reflux symptoms in children with Body mass index (BMI) index greater than 28 were significantly higher than those in the control group. Gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants was found in this study. The incidence of the disease was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The reflux symptoms of the children after surgery were higher than those of the non-surgical children. The incidence of reflux in the supine position was higher than that of the standing position (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that reflux (OR=12.149), vomiting (OR=8.679) and BMI of > 28 (OR=0.027) were independent risk factors for GERD. Conclusion High body mass index, reflux and vomiting may be the risk factors for children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Correct recognition and early detection of risk factors can improve the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease