Hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures in general surgery, and tension-free hernia repair has become the mainstream surgical option in modern hernia surgery. The primary goals of hernia repair are to repair and reconstruct abdominal wall defects, restore the physiological structure of the fascia layer, and recover abdominal wall function. Therefore, selecting a mesh material that conforms to human anatomy, has good biocompatibility, and is associated with low rates of infection, erosion, and pain is crucial for enhancing patients' postoperative quality of life. Furthermore, the ability of such a material to benefit different types of hernias, various surgical procedures, and diverse patient populations through a single mesh, thereby reducing postoperative complications and improving quality of life, remains a significant challenge for hernia surgeons. During the more than 20 years of development in abdominal wall surgery in China, over 200 types of hernia meshes have been widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, biological mesh, as one of the emerging materials in hernia surgery, has offered promise for a broad spectrum of hernia patients and demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes, becoming a focal point within the field. However, its application is still largely in the exploratory stage and warrants further investigation. This article aims to provide a focused overview of the application of biological mesh in hernia surgery.