The surgical treatment of hiatal hernia has undergone a minimally invasive revolution, progressing from open thoracotomy and laparotomy to thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, and robotics. In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has become the gold standard in abdominal surgery. The introduction of robotic surgical systems signifies a new wave of technological evolution. This article primarily reviews the technical development of hiatal hernia repair from laparoscopy to robotics, focusing on comparing the evidence regarding surgical precision, learning curve, perioperative outcomes, and cost-effectiveness between these two minimally invasive techniques. It also delves into current core controversies, such as the application of mesh and the choice of fundoplication techniques, and looks ahead to future technological directions including artificial intelligence and technical advancements. This article posits that the robotic surgical platform offers significant technical advantages for hiatal hernia repair, but its widespread application still requires higher-level evidence-based medical support.