猪食管裂孔疝动物模型的建立及其应用与研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8765.2023.04.007

食管裂孔疝是指除食管外的腹腔结构通过扩大的食管裂孔疝入胸腔的疾病状态，患者通常会有频繁的反酸、烧心、胸骨后疼痛等不适症状。近年来，食管裂孔疝在人群中的发病率逐渐升高，使得人们对该疾病的深入研究以及更加优化及标准化治疗方案的需求增高。由于临床试验在某些方面无法很好的满足研究需求，而动物实验恰好可以弥补这些不足，故将动物模型引入食管裂孔疝相关研究，而猪食管裂孔疝因其特有的优势成为了食管裂孔疝一种较为理想的模型。腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术以及补片和补片固定装置的运用已成为目前最主流的治疗方式，猪食管裂孔疝动物模型为年轻医师提供了可重复操作的腹腔镜手术训练模型，也为验证新型补片和补片固定装置的安全性和有效性提供有力证明。此外，猪动物模型还广泛应用于补片修补后裂孔处生物学行为改变等相关研究以及食管裂孔疝修补术新型术式的开发和机器人手术的应用。本文通过文献回顾，就猪食管裂孔疝动物模型的建立及其应用与研究进展展开综述。

关键词: 疝，食管裂孔, 动物模型, 食管裂孔疝修补术, 猪食管裂孔疝动物模型

Esophageal hiatal hernia occurs when an abdominal structure, aside from the esophagus, protrudes into the thoracic cavity via an enlarged esophageal hiatus, and patients commonly experience frequent acid reflux, heartburn, retrosternal pain, and other discomfort. The rising prevalence of this disease within the population has necessitated more comprehensive research into the ailment and the development of optimized and standardized treatment protocols. Given that clinical trials may not fully address certain research needs, animal experiments can complement these limitations. Therefore, the inclusion of animal models in hiatal hernia research is imperative, with the porcine hiatal hernia model emerging as an ideal choice due to its unique advantages. Laparoscopic repair of esophageal hiatal hernias and the use of meshes and fixation devices have become the predominant treatment approach. The porcine esophageal hiatal hernia model offers a reproducible platform for training young surgeons in laparoscopic procedures and serves as robust evidence for validating the safety and efficacy of new meshes and fixation devices. Additionally, porcine animal models have found extensive use in exploring changes in biological behavior at the hiatus postoperatively and in innovating surgical techniques for esophageal hiatal hernia repair, including the application of robotic surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review through a literature survey on the establishment of a porcine esophageal hiatal hernia model and its applications and research advances in this field.

Key words: Esophageal hiatal hernia, Animal model, Esophageal hiatal hernia repair, Porcine esophageal hiatal hernia model

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