Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global diseases, the epidemiological studies from both domestic and oversea countries have shown that incidences rate of GERD significantly increased, and severely effects of patients quality of life. Now studies revealed that the pathogenesis of GERD greatly complicated, hence the research studies now gradually paying attention to its mechanism. Recent years, some investigators by using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or electronic light microscopy have found that there some morphological changes were exist in the lower esophageal epithelial cells of GERD patients, and speculate that change may be an early and sensitive morphological index of esophageal epithelial cell (microstructures of the esophagus) damage. Therefore, this finding were provided a potential ideas to researchers and inspired them a lot. Furthermore, relative experimental studies reveled that oxidative stress (OS) positively attained to the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosa damage. Just recently, the studies from both domestic and overseas further shown that OS significantly related to the occurrence and development of GERD. The over production of OS impairs the balances of oxidative/anti-oxidative defence system of esophagus, then leads to the abnormal change of esophageal microsturucre and function of tight junction (TJ) proteins, in result induce dilated intercellular space (DIS) of esophageal epithelial cells might be one of the potential mechanism of GERD. In this paper, the research status of the above aspects will further reviewed.