Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease with adverse symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn caused by reflux of gastric contents. Chest pain, as one of the important complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease, is divided into cardiogenic chest pain and non-cardiogenic chest pain. Its clinical manifestation is very similar to cardiovascular system disease, so it is often misdiagnosed as "coronary heart disease" in clinic, which leads to further aggravation of the disease or loss of the best treatment window. In order to improve the understanding of chest pain caused by GERD, this paper comprehensively summarizes the latest progress of chest pain caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, and puts forward new ideas for the future research and development of this kind of chest pain.